Vector Graphics Basics: Points, Paths, and Curves

Why vectors are the foundation of every professional logo

SVG & Vector GraphicsMarch 1, 2026

Vector graphics are the foundation of every professional logo. They consist not of pixels, but of mathematically defined shapes — points, lines, and curves. In this article, you'll learn the fundamentals that every designer should know.

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Vector vs. Raster — The Fundamental Difference

Raster graphics (PNG, JPG) consist of a grid of colored pixels. When enlarged, pixels become visible — the image gets "pixelated."

Vector graphics (SVG, AI, EPS) consist of mathematical instructions: "Draw a circle with center {50,50} and radius 30." No matter how much you zoom in — the computer recalculates the edges sharp every time.

Anchor Points and Paths

Every vector shape consists of:

Anchor points — Fixed positions (x, y) through which the path passes
Paths — Connections between anchor points (straight or curved)
Handles — Control points that determine the curvature of curves

Bézier Curves — The Heart of Vector Graphics

Most curves in vector graphics are cubic Bézier curves, defined by 4 points:

Start point (P0)
First control point (P1) — determines direction at start
Second control point (P2) — determines direction at end
End point (P3)

In SVG, this is written as: M 10,80 C 40,10 65,10 95,80 — a "C" command for a cubic curve.

Why Vectors Are Essential for Logos

Logos must work at countless sizes and contexts:

Favicon: 16×16 px
App icon: 512×512 px
Letterhead: ~3 cm wide
Trade show banner: 3+ meters wide

Only vector graphics can handle this range without quality loss.

Vector graphics isn't rocket science — it's simply mathematically defined shapes instead of pixel grids. With this knowledge, you understand why SVG export matters. Create your vector logo in our editor.

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